In the last century philosophy has undergone essential transfor-mations. Some spoke of the death of philosophy. Others argued about the absorption of philosophy in logic or in science. In our opinion philosophy is neither dead, nor does it melt dead into something else. But, at least in its analytic...

In the last century philosophy has undergone essential transfor-mations. Some spoke of the death of philosophy. Others argued about the absorption of philosophy in logic or in science. In our opinion philosophy is neither dead, nor does it melt dead into something else. But, at least in its analytic form, philosophy in the last century has become more rigorous. This rigor was obtained by systematic recourse to the new logic (after Frege). More precisely, by appeal to applied logic in various fields, from scientific knowledge to ontology, from research of language to meta-physics, from the problems of rationality to fictional objects, and so on.

Summary: • Logical-Mathematical Structure of Scientific Experience. Carnap's Conception • The Relation of Similarity in the Scientific Construction • Scientific Knowledge and the Problem of Significance • The Rationality and the Explication of the Social • Towards a Logic of Cultures • World of Values and the Partitive Logics • Logic and Weak Thinking in Religion